Personal Thoughts

How Adam’s sin imputes to all men isn’t so clearly explained in Scripture. This is probably more a translation issue than some reason on God’s part not to reveal it to us. Adam’s disobedience brought death upon all but nowhere is it said to be the reason we disobey! The idea of a fallen human nature might be true but it is only thought to be in our explanations and not the Biblical text. [The New Living Translation of the New Testament uses the phrase “sinful nature” 27 times only in Paul’s Epistles referring to “the flesh.”]

A key verse to know is Romans 5:12, “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that [because] all have sinned.” Saint Augustine read this verse in an Old Latin translation; The final phrase “for that all have sinned” he understood to mean, “in whom [Adam] all sinned.” This is not the well-accepted translation of the Greek word, “for.” If we fault Adam for anything it is that, as Francis Godet wrote, “he laid human life open to the power of sin.” By “sin” we mean the revolt of all mankind against God. Some see Adam as our representative or proxy in Eden; so, when he sinned, he did it on our account. We only know that God decided that there was only one way to save Adam and all mankind—through Christ. The first Adam introduced us to evil; the Last Adam defeated and removed it. Paul’s message is grace.

A Few Things We Do Know

(1) Because of Adam’s disobedience, God would forbear any punishment until Christ came [Romans 3:25-26]. Meanwhile mankind is denied access to the Tree of Life [Genesis 3:22, 24].

(2) As Paul said in 2 other verses, Romans 11:32 and Galatians 3:22, “God has concluded [imprisoned: held] everyone in unbelief, that He might have mercy upon all and that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to us who believe. The word, “concluded” means to hold in prison. This is good news! God was saying that aside from His mercy and Faith in Christ, there is no pathway back to Eden and to Him—there is no salvation and no freedom from the bondage to sin. God passed judgment on mankind, not to punish but to show mercy (grace). Scripture is saying that when Adam was escorted out of Eden, God knew that He would be required [Matthew 26:39] to send His Son to Calvary before mankind would have another opportunity to eat of the Tree of Life [Revelation 22:14].

Romans 5:19 tells us, “as by one man’s disobedience many were deemed [made] sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be deemed [made] righteous” “Made” is the wrong word. The Greek means more at “appointed” or “declared.” Most Protestants have no problem translating the second clause this way: ” by the obedience of one [Christ] shall many be deemed [declared] righteous.”This supports God’s decision to “conclude all in unbelief.”

(3) Thirdly, Paul called us all sinners. This word used for sinning, meaning to “miss the target,” is defined in Romans 3:23 as “coming up short of the Glory of God [the target]. It was for His glory and to glorify Him we were created and now we missed that highest of callings [Psalm 86:9, 12; Matthew 5:16; 1 Corinthians 6:20].

Whatever happened with Adam, God saw it as an evil touching all mankind. One commentary says, “When Adam sinned, the human race sinned, because the human race was in Adam.” Augustine then declared “The entire human race that was to pass through woman into offspring was contained in the first man… and humanity produced what humanity became….” [Augustine, “On the City of God” 13,3].

The Fall of Adam

In Romans 5:15 [NET] we read “…if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did … the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many!” (1) The word “transgression” here comes from a Greek word meaning “to deviate from or wander off the path.” It is probably here that Saint Augustine coined the terms “The Fall” and “original sin.” (2) Paul seemed to be saying: If we all died through Adam”s disobedience [and we did!] now Jesus’ death can provide by faith the eternal life we lost when Adam was driven out of Eden [1 Corinthians 15:21]. What Adam broke, Jesus fixed.

Justification Through Christ

Paul, finally, argues in Romans 5:16 “for the judgment was [caused] by one [Adam] to condemnation, but the free gift [through Jesus’ death] is of many offenses unto justification.” Perhaps, we should not leave unnoticed that in Romans 5:15 Paul’s attention was on the sin, whereas in verse 16, it was on the sinner, who was ultimately God’s interest. God’s move to expel Adam and Eve from Eden was not an act of punishment, as if, all God could think about was their disobedience. His thoughts were on the sinner—on us. God evicted Adam and Eve as an act of mercy anticipating the day when Christ would die and rise again to provide for our  justification  [Romans 4:25].

“I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God,” Paul wrote to the Romans, “that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.”“ [Romans 12:1-2].

How is God’s desire for our service to Him reasonable? How is it reasonable for a believer to surrender their life—not for a short time, not in part, but—in total and for all time to God’s Will? The answer lies in the logic in three traits that define His will for us: good, acceptable, and perfect. And these three coincide remarkably well to the three aspects of how we understand and learn: what is unchanged, what we can relate to, and what answers to our interest in How much?

1. Good – God’s Will is in substance and nature unchangingly and purely good. How should we understand James 1:17 “Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and comes down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.” His Will for us is faithful as it is true with “ no variableness, neither shadow of turning.” God, Himself is good, Asaph wrote in Psalm 73:1. Goodness is the indispensable quality of a holy and loving God—a God who changes not [Malachi 3:6].

His Will is reasonable because it is always and only good, never varying or diminishing or becoming other than purely good. His goodness, who He is remains constant and steadfast, unrepentant in love and mercy.

Even Darius, King of the Persians when he saw Daniel was not eaten by the Lions in the den, realized that “God is the living God, And steadfast forever; His kingdom is the one which shall not be destroyed, And His dominion shall endure to the end [always]” [Daniel 6:26]. His mercies are sure [Isaiah 55:3]. His Spirit our guarantee [2 Corinthians 1:22]. Great is His faithfulness [Lamentations 3:23]. Our trust can be in Him; so strong is our assurance that we are completely at peace no matter where His will leads us [Isaiah 26:3].

2. Acceptable – The word is well-pleasing, not only to God but to the believer who obeys. We serve Him not under duress or fear but gladly, joyously, happily. We are David crying,”Show me Your ways, O LORD; Teach me Your paths. Lead me in Your truth and teach me, For You are the God of my salvation; On You I wait all the day.” [Psalm 25:4-5]. We have toyed with our own wills; we have listened to other voices who claimed wisdom; we tried other ways, foolishly. There is no pleasure that can quench that inner thirst for a meaningful life and happiness but the joy of pleasing our Lord.

His will is reasonable because we have proven there is none other as His will that brings a sure happiness.

Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount called us blessed [happy] when we serve and follow Him [Matthew 5:3-12]. It is a joy no longer dependent on circumstances for meaning.

3. Perfect – His will is complete. How much of my life does it encompass? How much of me does it require? Every part and all of me. It has transformed my thinking, given me a new mind, a new perspective, divine insight into God’s heart, and a clearer and ever expanding understanding of God’s Word— and of Himself, also. I hear Paul exclaiming with a resolute conviction, “I am alive in Him; yet not I, but Christ is alive in me: and the life which I now live in this flesh I live because of the faithfulness of God’s Son, who loved me, and gave himself for me.”

His Will is reasonable because it answers to every need, every concern, every desire, every want, every dream I have ever had or might have.

What was not possible unless Jesus drank from “the cup of suffering [The Cross]”? He appeared to negotiate with God for another way to provide salvation: “Father, if you are willing, please take this cup of suffering away from me” [Luke 22:42]. Jesus had just finished supper with His disciples including the Passover and the breaking of bread which He symbolized as His body [Luke 22:19]. He was clearly talking about His coming death.

Perhaps, though, the translation “if you are willing” requires explanation. “If you are willing” might better read “If you choose or purpose or counsel” to remove this cup from me …. And then His words fell off as if He paused to reconsider His prayer. It is not uncommon to see this when the sentence is logically leading somewhere the speaker does not want to go or does not need to go. In the language of the Old Testament it is used rhetorically in questions expecting a “No.” Answer. It is sometimes, though rarely, used in wishing or expressing strong desire.

It is also not unusual to see the rest of a sentence starting with “if” missing. It is as if in mid sentence Jesus changed His thought and conceded or surrendered to whatever was already decided before the world was even created [1 Peter 1:20; Revelation 13:8]. Jesus seem to correct Himself: “nevertheless not my will,… be done.” He knew what the Father knew that this “cup” was the only way to provide for our salvation.

My argument is prima facie but this is, perhaps, the only scripture that declares without equivocation that Jesus’ crucifixion was the only way through to our salvation. Although this truth is shared in a number of other verses in our Bible, that He would die for sin [1 Corinthians 5:7]; that He would pay a ransom to redeem us from sin [Mark 10:45]; that, indeed there was no other way to God except through Christ [John 14:6]; or that there is no other name that saves [Acts 4:12], Jesus’ Garden prayer in His agony adds the distinct and emphatic notation that there was no alternative—His crucifixion was the sole path for us to reconciliation with God.

Hebrews 9:12 and 22 agreeably notes what Jesus’ crucifixion provided “by his own blood … having obtained eternal redemption [concluding] without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness.” But it came up short in declaring that God did not consider another plan for our salvation—because there was no other to be considered!

Interestingly also, the writer limited the provision of Jesus’ death to “forgiveness” although it was far more: propitious, expiatory, conciliatory, and redemptive. Some argue that His death might not have been necessary only to “forgive” sin. We forgive one another without the need for sacrifice. But this argument has no teeth because Jesus’ death was a lot more! As Paul taught: “He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.” [2 Corinthians 5:21 NKJV]. Forgiveness is a necessary aspect of reconciliation, though the reverse may not be true. I may forgive someone for hurting me but not want to restore them to friendship for a number of reasons. Perhaps, they have not changed? But if I am reconciled with them, there is no possible sense in which I have not forgiven them. Calvary was a lot more that mere forgiveness. The writer to the Hebrews spoke of forgiveness because that was the understanding behind the sin and trespass offerings

When the question is inevitably raised: Is it not possible to find another way to save mankind, we only need listen to Jesus’ agony in the Garden to learn, “No, there is no other way!”

And now, we know!

But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly [powerless to save] elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage? … These things may be treated as an allegory for these are the two covenants … For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answers [corresponds] to Jerusalem which now is, and [Hagar] is in [spiritual] bondage with her children. … If we live by the Spirit, let us also behave in accordance with the Spirit. [Galatians 4:9, 24, 25; 5:25]

Elements

Elements specifically refers to the first principle[s] in a series to which the elements of that series “take their rise” or belong [ejusdem generis*]. In the context Paul was referencing the first few in a list of Jewish religious practices. The Amplified Bible reads: “elemental principles [of religions and philosophies].”

The Allegory

Paul makes his point using the allegory** [Galatians 4:24]. We learn by comparison. So here, Paul begins by referencing the festivals, “days, and months, and times, and years” [Galatians 4:10] and compares their power to redeem us to the Spirit’s work in us. Religious celebrations are powerless to save. He called them “weak and beggarly” [Galatians 4:9]. To explain, in an analogy the Galatians would understand, he contrasts Hagar’s son with Isaac and the City of Jerusalem compared to the New Jerusalem. The King James says “answers to” [Galatians 4:25] or corresponds to the City of Jerusalem.

The List

On the term translated “answers to” or “corresponding to,” Pythagorus, I am told, gives the best example of the use of this word. when he listed opposing principles in 2 columns, thusly:

 

Using Paul’s comparison: He lists elements describing Ishmael’s descendants and the opposing list regarding Isaac:

What is Paul telling us?

Our Christian Experience

We must not relegate our Christian experience to only a Sunday Morning Service. We are always in danger of investing too much interest and value in Christian ritual. Much time during the week is spent in choreographing or orchestrating the “elements” of that weekly gathering and maybe less effort in prayer and study of the Word. Paul for the third time in these closing chapters of his epistle used our word translated “elements” in Galatians 5:25 to refer to our behavior as Spirit-led believers. The ESV interprets this to mean that we should stay in step with the Spirit’s leadership. Not a bad thought:

“If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in [behave in accordance with] the Spirit.”

We might list the elements of our Christian experience in 2 columns: One Ritual and the other Spiritual. Which side has our attention more?

…walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham – Romans 4:12

.. as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy – Galatians 6:16

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* Ejusdem Generis” If a law refers to automobiles, trucks, tractors, motorcycles, and other motor-powered vehicles, a court might use ejusdem generis to hold that such vehicles would not include airplanes.
**allegory – picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.

The Eden Story still contains mysteries about human nature before sin entered which church scholarship gave up trying to unwrap; so, they simply labeled Post-Eden Adam as “fallen.” On this matter I, too, have sought for explanations—my being less satisfied with the “2 nature” theory used to exegete Romans 7.

In Romans 7 Paul outlines the hopelessness of the person (be they Christian or no) in unsuccessfully striving to please God through steadfast and faithful obedience to—however they interpret—the Law of God or the Word of God. Paul came to recognize that the temptation to sidestep off into what God would not approve of [this is a picturesque word for sin found in the Bible]—this—only exposes our weakness. Perhaps, this is the “fallenness” in our nature? Whether or not Adam was to blame, I leave to the scholars for now.

What I am suggesting is not new but basic evangelical doctrine that without the grace of God we not only could not be saved, we could not be faithful to that salvation. Temptations, as Paul noted in 1 Corinthians 10:13, requires the faithfulness of God to make us over comers. In Romans 7:25 Paul exclaimed, “I thank God” and then he proceeded to talk in chapter 8 about the work of the Spirit in a believer’s life.

Since I have gone to meddling—like every good preacher is wont to do: “Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.” [1 Corinthians 15:58].

Paul spoke in this verse of our “labor” in the Lord. This word strongly denotes effort—to the point of exhaustion [John 4:6]. And what is more challenging to me than—well—me? There is nothing God can’t do if we are His instruments to do it!

We know all this, but as C. S. Lewis said once, “It helps to have the band playing while we march!” That band is the inner voice of the Spirit in terms of His peace and conviction that interjects life into all 3 aspects of our nature: He “empowers” our walk [our actions]; He “inspires” our passions [our feelings]; and He “enlightens” our understanding [our mind]. All we have to do is “yield” to Him—let Him lead.

The good thing in all this is that someday we will be “like” Jesus [1 John 3:2] which, itself, should encourage us not to give up on ourselves [1 John 3:3]. He was one day like us, tempted [yet sinless] in order that some day we may be like Him [when this carnal weakness we exhibit will no longer define us] as Paul wrote, [1 Corinthians 15:43] “… sown in weakness; … raised in power….”

David’s Heart

Then I thought about King David who, by his own admission, enjoyed thinking about God [Psalm 1:1] even without any knowledge of the Cross. David’s 51st Psalm reveals on his part a deep sense of a God who forgives without animal sacrifices [Psalm 51:16-17}. He somehow knew that a repentant heart was what God required—generations before Isaiah promoted it in a theological sense. [Isaiah 1:11-18]. In fact God chose David to be Israel’s king—not for his stature or his wisdom [or knowledge] but for his heart! [1 Kings 11:4; Acts 13:22].

Enoch’s Devotion & Noah’s Obedience

And there was Enoch, whose name meant “devoted” [to God]. He “walked with God” [Genesis 5:24]. He left this world about 70 years before Noah [whom Peter called “a preacher of righteousness” – 2 Peter 2:5] which means Enoch lived in a time of debauchery and crime [Genesis 6:5; Luke 17:26-27]. Noah, himself, is in the “Hall of Faith” [Hebrews 11:7]. We have only begun to name Old Testament “saints” who “obtained a good report through faith, [but who had] received not the promise [of the Cross]” [Hebrews 11:39].

Abraham’s Faith

Abraham chose to believe God after God introduced Himself to the patriarch. Their conversation involved a covenant and a promise; so, understandably the theologian would conclude Abraham’s faith in God was a special case [Genesis 15:6]. Abraham’s faith was invested in God’s covenant, we may conclude, because “faith comes by hearing … from God…” [Romans 10:17].

An Open Heart

Yet, God opens the heart [Acts 16:14] and the theologian has long held to a “natural revelation” [Romans 1:19-20] that declares God real to anyone willing to consider Him. This, in some ways, put the onus of responsibility on “fallen” mankind—not to save themselves [No!] but—to believe! Simply believe God is there and maybe spend some time meditating on His love for them. In this regard we might agree with Paul that sinful man has no viable excuse for not seeking God.

Others?

So, I began to wonder if, perhaps, there were others— others, whose hearts sought out in their limited way to know the God they were falling in love with—not for what He could give them but for who He was to them, the Creator and compassionate God [Psalm 116:1]. Somehow they knew He was alone in the universe and that pantheons of imagined beings could not exist because myths realistically explain nothing! [Psalm 62:5]. These few “believers” would have led secret lives [Psalm 91:1] whose inner thoughts longed to meet God because they knew that—unlike the mythological gods—He did indeed care and love them back! [Psalm 23:6; Isaiah 38:17].

It seems that what the Gnostics called “a spark of the divine” was—contrary to the Gnostic idea—in every man, but most snuffed it out rather than seeking to fan it alive!

A Matter of Grace

I say this as a matter of grace without minimizing the urgency of sharing the message of salvation [and of the Cross] in our day [John 21:22]. Christ has come and God wanting this message broadcast to the world has commissioned us to do so! Is salvation provided any other way than through Jesus’ crucifixion? Absolutely no! Salvation comes only by the Savior’s sacrifice of Himself on Calvary’s Cross for us [Acts 4:12].

But are not all the Davids and Noahs and Abrahams and Enochs in ancient times and the men and women of forgotten tribes who sought out the love of God because in their hearts they knew He was there—are not they—in God’s thoughts and on His heart? [Exodus 33:19; Romans 9:15]. He has, indeed, sent the missionary to them to tell them so.

In Glory they may more fully share their stories?

But thou, O Lord, are a God full of compassion, and gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. – Psalm 86:15

I came across a cable program that claimed that Jesus never existed and that Christianity evolved out of pagan mythology and the Roman government. I am grateful to my Lord that I was prepared to listen to what the speakers had to say—my having done a deep dive into the Biblical idea of God”s Grace and the “Cross.” This is a truth that couldn’t have evolved out of paganism, not only because the idea [along with the worldview it rested on] was provably antithetic to mythological explanations as to the origin of evil or how to eradicate it [I spoke of this in my book “If It Be Possible“] but because—and here is my reason for mentioning this now—the languages of the time [with due respect to Latin and Aramaic] were inadequate to explicate with proper emphasis and clarity the message of God’s grace. This is the message that both the Bible reveals and our Faith [our “religion”] must proclaim. [1 Corinthians 1:23; 2:2].

Consider the following [I wrote “Essays in Grace” in this regard]:

1. The Greek language never branched off into other languages: as Latin did into French, Spanish, etc. Dr. Caragounis tells us “Greek, on the other hand, never gave birth to any daughter languages.”
2. The dialect of the Greek is not found in written form in any other document beside the Old and New Testaments. There are inscriptions in the common language of the time that suggests the development of the language into New Testament Greek [Koine] but, as J. B. Lightfoot is reported to have said: “…if we could only recover letters that ordinary people wrote to each other without any thought of being literary, we should have the greatest possible help for the understanding of the language of the New Testament generally.” Dr. Caragounis admits that “We do not have any substantial documents of spoken or written Koine by Greeks from the time of the New Testament.”
3. The Language instead of branching merged 7 dialects into one which, after the Apostolic Age, split up again into multiple spoken dialects. Richard Dawkins, a leading proponent of atheism wrote, “It seems probable that language evolves by the cultural equivalent of random genetic drift. … Latin drifted to become Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French….” This is not true of the Greek language!!! Now here’s the “kicker”! Caragounis calls this “unparalleled in the history of language. … Attica Greek could not preserve its purely Athenian character, and entered a course simplification, amalgamating elements from the other Greek dialects… it became … Koine [the Greek of the New Testament].” Dr. Caragounis explained, “In Hellenistic times [when the Scriptures were compiled] the … language is reunited, … and as such goes through its third stage [Koine]. In Byzantinian … times [which follow the time of the apostles and the writing of Scripture] it breaks up once again into Modern Greek.”
4. My amateurish interest in Koine has always been historical and not exegetical. Unlike the scholars who took on the task of translating our New Testament, I only wanted to understand it. That’s why my paper (I submitted as a thesis for a college degree) was in the historical development of the “perfect tense” in Koine. This tense disappears in Modern Greek but scholars have little to go on since in the Byzantinian period of the language which followed Koine everything was written in the Old Classical Greek style [everybody loves Plato]. But I maintain that the perfect tense along with the development of a Greek passive voice out of the little understood “Middle” voice of the language (We don’t have this in English) was critical in explaining “grace”!
5. Curious: the Greek “digamma” which represents the numeral “6” is missing from the language—or at least, our Bible.

Nevertheless when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? – Luke 18:8

It is hard to imagine some of the behavior now considered part of the cultural standard in the Northern Hemisphere of our world—when a Supreme Court Jurist, to be confirmed has to admit “they” do not really know what makes a person a “woman;” or when children can decide their own gender and subsequently go “under the knife” to make their decision permanent without a grownup thought of the consequences; or when a male criminal can claim to be a woman and is allowed a bed in a woman’s prison to rape and impregnate “real” women; or when a university education is more about gender studies than natural science and where young minds go not to be broadened but to be indoctrinated!

Does anyone wonder what gramma thinks of all this?

Not to speak disparaging of what we might call “civilized” behavior but I am wondering if the aliens have not already landed and are among us. We no longer have a cultural identity as a people. It seems. There is no longer a common dream we might all call reasonable. Is it unreasonable to go to church—anymore? Is it unreasonable to want to raise a family? Is it unreasonable to dream of the quiet life in which neighbors are neighborly and not splintered into a thousand disunited cliques in support of ideas as ephemeral as the morning dew.

Causes change but the result always seems to support division. It is as if a lasting “hate” was all that mattered where once their was community and caring. Life is no longer a matter of what I can offer but what I can get. It is not gratitude but entitlement that motivates the human heart—if indeed, we are still talking “human.”

Perhaps, we are learning something about the human soul. It is more malleable and susceptible to suggestion than some of us thought. Take me! I have learned through introspection how little I know myself. I look back over my youthful years and wonder how I could have been the way I was or say some of the things I said. I was then someone I would rather now deny I ever was! Am I the alien?! Perhaps, this is why Saint Paul wrote in his letter to the Christians at Rome, “I want to do what is good, but I don’t. I don’t want to do what is wrong, but I do it anyway” – Romans 7:19 NLT. (Turns out: this is a favorite scripture anymore among Christians!)

Will our nation awake one morning and shamefully regret what it has done? Will we rewrite the history to sound like it once was in gramma’s day. Yes, they had their “sins.” They made their mistakes. They even, in America, amended the National Constitution in 1919 to outlaw beer. (They called it “intoxicating liquors.” What alcoholic beverage isn’t!) All this only to amend it back into the document in 1933, a mere 14 years later, realizing that, during a depression and a pending global conflict, everyone needs a “happy hour.”

Or, just maybe, they discovered—as with a person, so it is with a society—that you cannot legislate away behavior or snatch it violently and thoughtlessly from its moorings without severe sociological or cultural consequences.

This is why it seems easier for me—for one—to imagine that there are aliens among us, even if we cannot know who’s who. Perhaps, many of us will one morning awaken and say, “I’m going back! I am so sorry, I don’t know why I did that!” And the others of us will welcome them home!

It is interesting how our minds work. Unlike God, who is infinite and eternal, Everything we imagine or we comprehend or understand is based on measurement and subsequently comparison. These 2 mental exercises allow us to analyze and categorize everything perceivable by our senses. And thus, we say, we “know” a thing. Pythagorean taught, “The problem of knowledge then becomes a search for the kind of truths that will match up with mathematical certainties,” Professor Daniel N. Robinson informed us in The Great Ideas of Philosophy, 2nd Edition, “Plato’s Search for Truth” from the Course Guidebook of “The Great Courses, Page 36.

Animals are compared taxonomically; colors by how much of 3 base colors [red, green, and blue] they contain. Everything we do involving the senses is measured and then compared. This is what science is all about.

The difference between abstract and concrete is the difference between all cases compared to the one. Persons differ by comparing the degree to which they love family or country … or God, for example. And how much of that love is shown measures commitment. What is reasonable is less me and more you in the mix.

So what if God creates a heaven that contains no rulers or scales, no watches, no clocks, no means of measuring anything because everything will be “exceedingly abundant” and “full of glory” made infinitely available by an Eternal God? It might be like needing a drink of water and there’s the ocean—go for it.

Look at Isaiah 1:18 “Come now and let us reason together, says the Lord.” What does God mean by “reasoning together”? The Greek word in the translation means usually “to investigate and expose” a matter but here it means “to dispute,” according to the dictionary. Interesting, in Job 9:33, it is translated “days-man” or umpire: “Neither is there any days-man betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both.” Micah 6:2 also uses the word, translated “plead” in the King James: “the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.”]

The New Testament word that bears on this discussion is the Spirit’s work to “reprove” the world—us—of sin, righteousness and judgment in John 16:8. Interesting thing about this word: “The answer,” Professor Robinson tells us, “is: a rational enterprise that takes the form of a dialectical or argumentative [not argument as in English, but a presentation of the facts] approach. This approach is not simply a rhetorical device; it’s an investigative device. Through the philosophical mode of investigation, we come to consult whatever is contained in the rational resources of the soul itself. ” [Hebrews 4:12}.

So, according to this meaning, God wants to investigate with me in dialogue …my sin!! I must tell you that, indeed, it has been an ongoing conversation between us and until I am perfect I pray He never stops wanting to talk!

Isaiah 1:18 continues, “though…[?]” The Hebrew simply asserts the condition: from scarlet in color to snow white.

God knows us. We understand things by comparing and measuring them. Our sins will not be “whitened;” they’ll be forgiven and gone! But God speaks our language here because He is discussing this matter with us.

Make sense?

“Now, brethren, if I come unto you … what shall I profit you, except I shall speak to you either by revelation [material cause], or by knowledge [formal cause] , or by prophesying [efficient cause] , or by doctrine [final cause]?” – 1 Corinthians 14:6

Paul, who probably knew Aristotelian philosophy seem to plug in Aristotle’s four causes which explains his use of terms in the above verse. Materially, anything coming from God can be called a revelation [the material cause] which comes to us in the form of knowledge or something that is knowable [the formal cause] else why tell us? His Word has meaning, significance, and value as His knowledge [the efficient cause] and it serves God’s purpose, its final cause.

Read Dr. Robinson first and then refer again to 1 Corinthians 14:6. Ultimately God’s knowledge is a revelation from Him in the form of teaching or prophecy, etc and by which our lives are government and our faith confirmed.

“Of course, to say that knowledge requires an understanding of the causes of things is to raise a question about just what a cause is. “Causation” can be understood in several senses. Every identiable thing that exists is made of some particular material and could not exist except as a result of that material. The marble of which a statue is made is, thus, the material cause.Every such thing is recognizable as a given type or form of thing. This “form,” then, must be present for the thing to be what it is. In this respect, the shape of the statue and its resemblance to an original is its formal cause. But form is imparted to matter by strokes and blows and other forms of mechanical influence. The shape of the statue is carved out of the stone by chisel and hammer; this is the effcient cause of the statue. The ultimate understanding of the object stems from the intelligent design that the object itself realizes. Aristotle refers to this as the final cause—that is, the final thing realized in time, although it is first in conception.Truly developed knowledge embraces not only the material, effcient, and formal causes, but the that for the sake of which these causes were recruited. To understand x is to know what x is for, what its purpose or end, its telos, is. Thus does Aristotle seek teleological explanations as ultimate.

Questions of what things are for are also central to Aristotle’s ethical and political thought. We have purposes and ends as the kinds of beings we are; how are those to be reached? How does the polis aid or hinder those ends? Our knowledge of ourselves must be grounded in a respect for just what our defining abilities achieve because these very abilities reveal the that for the sake of which….

The developed knowledge that we have leads us to an understanding that the things of the universe, including living things, instantiate a plan; they fit in. Nature does not do things without a purpose. The ultimate question for understanding, then, is: “How does this fit into things? What is it for? What purpose does it serve?”

We know at the outset that nothing with pattern and design comes about accidentally. As Aristotle says, “If the art of shipbuilding were in the wood, we would have ships by nature.” Wood, however, is the material cause of the ship, and the workers who build the ship are its efficient cause. The art of shipbuilding is finally in the ship’s designer. It is the designer who knows what ships are for and how that purpose is served by the right materials, rightly assembled. To “know” in this sense is to comprehend far more than anything conveyed by the mere material composition of an object.” [Daniel N. Robinson Guidebook on “he Great Ideas of Philosophy, 2nd Edition, page 54]

“The ultimate question for understanding, then, is: “How does this fit into things? What is it for? What purpose does it serve?” What final cause?